10 分应用文 15-20 分钟搞定——一套万能模板 + 十类功能句，配历年真题功能分类与套用示范
一、写作 A 考什么：先看清这 10 分怎么拿
项目 | 说明 |
所属部分 | 英语（二）第四部分写作 A 节，满分 10 分，全卷合计 100 分（与管综 200 分分两场考） |
字数要求 | 约 100 词 |
建议用时 | 15-20 分钟 |
分数目标 | 5-7 分（保底 5 分，冲 7 分） |
体裁 | 书信为主（letter / email / reply），另有通知（notice）、告示（bulletin）、纪要（minutes） |
高频规律 | 历年以书信为绝对主力，且"介绍 + 邀请""建议 + 说明"两类组合反复出现 |
二、评分的四个优先级：别把力气用错地方
很多同学一上来就追求"高级词汇和长难句"，其实写作 A 的评分是有明确优先级的，按这个顺序打磨，分数涨得最快：
优先级 | 要求 | 具体说明 |
第一 | 字数达标、卷面清晰 | 不够 100 词会直接扣分；卷面是第一印象，写错直接划掉重寫，不要涂黑疙瘩 |
第二 | 格式 / 框架正确 | 称呼、落款、分段齐全——这是最容易被忽视、也最容易丢的分 |
第三 | 内容正确（审题） | 题目要求几点就写几点，漏点是硬伤 |
第四 | 表达正确（用词、拼写、语法、标点） | 宁可写简单正确的句子，不要写复杂但错的表达 |
第五 | 表达丰富 | 在前四项都稳的前提下，再追求句式变化和高级表达 |
三、万能书信模板：三段式，直接套
写作 A 的备考路径就一句话：先背万能模板，再做功能句替换。下面这套模板适用于绝大多数书信题，考场上只需替换划线部分。
（一）开头段：背景 + 写信目的
三个句式任选其一（背景-听说 / 背景-告知 / 荣幸表达）：
Dear ___ ,
I am quite delighted / particularly sorry to learn that ___. I am writing the email to ___.
I am quite delighted / particularly sorry to inform you that ___. I am writing the email to ___.
It is a great honor / a pleasure for me to do sth. I am writing the email to ___.
（二）中间段：三点展开（审题要点写几个就展开几个）
The details are as follows. / The suggestions are as follows. / The reasons for recommendation / complaint / resignation / application are as follows.
To begin with, I'd like to highlight that ___.
In addition, there is no denying the fact that ___.
Finally, it must be pointed out that ___.
注意：中间段的过渡句要根据题目功能替换——写建议用 The suggestions are as follows，写投诉用 The reasons for complaint are as follows，写申请用 The reasons for application are as follows。
（三）结尾段 + 落款
Your prompt attention to this email would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming / Zhang Wei
落款名字必须照抄题目要求（用 Li Ming 还是 Zhang Wei，题目里会明确写），且不得写自己的真实姓名和地址——这是格式分，每年都有同学栽在这里。
四、十类功能句：审题先定"功能"，再套句
审题第一步是判断这封信的功能（建议？邀请？道歉？），判断对了，功能句就能直接套。下面是历年高频功能与对应核心句：
功能 | 审题关键词 | 核心功能句（结尾/中段点睛） |
建议 | suggestions / proposals / tips / advice | I hope you will find my proposals helpful. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. |
邀请 | invite / invitation | Since your presence is of vital importance to this occasion, I sincerely hope that you will accept my invitation. |
道歉 | apologize / apology | I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I could have another appointment with you next weekend if you are available. |
投诉 | complain / complaint | I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. |
推荐 | recommend / recommendation | Above all, sth./sb. is a good one deserving your consideration and I strongly recommend it/her/him to you. |
询问 | inquire / ask for | I wonder if it is possible for you to offer me relevant information regarding ___. |
申请 | apply for / application | My qualifications, I believe, just amply meet your requirements. |
辞职 | resign / resignation | I genuinely hope that you will approve my resignation. I really do apologize for causing inconvenience. |
感谢 | gratitude / thanks / appreciation | Please let me express my appreciation again. |
祝贺 | congratulations | Please let me express my congratulations again. |
通用收尾（任何功能都能加）：If you need any more information, please don't hesitate to contact me at your earliest convenience.
（一）中间段"没话说"怎么办：万能展开思路
写完题目要求的要点后如果字数不够，按下面三类思路补，既自然又不跑题：
场景 | 展开维度 | 万能句 |
求职 / 申请 / 招募 / 推荐人 | 专业 + 经验 + 个性 | To begin with, my major ensures that my educational background is right in line with the job. In addition, my previous experience has helped lay a solid foundation for the position. Finally, I am a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. |
辞职 | 无挑战 + 薪资低 + 加班多 | Firstly, I ever expected the job to be challenging and rewarding, which has turned out to be the opposite. In addition, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised. Finally, too much unexpected extra work has a negative influence on my family. |
道歉 | 说明原因 + 提出补救 | I really have kept our appointment in my mind all these days. However, ... I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I could have another appointment with you next weekend if you are available. |
邀请 / 活动介绍 | 时间地点 + 参与人员 + 价值 | The activity will be arranged as follows. It is to be held in ___ on ___ . ... will be present and share their ideas. Since ..., we really value your participation. |
五、历年真题功能分类：考过的和还没考的
把历年真题按"功能"归类后会发现，写作 A 的考查范围非常集中。下表为近年真题的功能分布（年份指官方考研年）：
功能分类 | 已考查年份与内容 | 复习优先级 |
介绍 + 邀请参加活动 | 2013 义卖活动邀请同学、2015 夏令营招募志愿者、2021 线上会议邀请 Jack、2022 校园美食节邀请学生、2025 介绍中国古典小说改编短剧并邀请朋友参加 | ★★★ 最高频，务必练熟 |
建议 / 说明原因 | 2011 祝贺考上大学 + 大学生活建议、2016 感谢祝贺 + 翻译建议、2020 推荐历史景点 + 旅行建议、2023 给出选择建议并说明原因 | ★★★ 高频 |
介绍其他 + 询问 | 2014 介绍生活习惯 + 询问建议、2017 感谢邀请 + 介绍演讲内容、2019 介绍辩论赛、2024 介绍古镇房子保护计划并询问看法 | ★★ 中频 |
投诉 | 2012 | ★ 低频但需会写 |
道歉 | 2018 | ★ 低频但需会写 |
求职 / 申请 / 推荐他人 / 辞职 | 至今未考查 | ⚠️ 重点防考，模板要提前备 |
提醒：未考查的"求职/申请/推荐人"和"辞职"是最大的盲区，从概率上说越往后越可能出现，务必把这两类功能句背下来。
六、套用示范：以一道真题走一遍
题目（2025 考研真题）：Suppose you are planning a short play based on a classic Chinese novel. Write your friend John an email to (1) introduce the play, and (2) invite him to take part in it.
审题判断：功能 = 介绍 + 邀请 → 开头用"背景-告知"，中间段两点展开（介绍内容 / 邀请理由 + 时间地点），结尾用邀请功能句。
Dear John,
I am quite delighted to inform you that we are planning a short play based on a classic Chinese novel. I am writing the email to introduce it to you and invite you to take part in it.
The details are as follows. To begin with, I'd like to highlight that the play is adapted from Journey to the West, and we will perform the chapter of "Three Beats of the White-Bone Demon". In addition, there is no denying the fact that we are still short of one actor, and your experience in the school drama club makes you the perfect choice. Finally, it must be pointed out that the rehearsal will be held in the Students' Union Hall every Friday evening.
Since your presence is of vital importance to this occasion, I sincerely hope that you will accept my invitation. I am looking forward to seeing you on that day.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（全篇约 130 词，覆盖题目两个要求，功能句到位，即为 7 分档作文。）
七、常见失分点
失分点 | 正确做法 |
漏写题目要求的某一点 | 动笔前把题干的（1）（2）圈出来，中间段一条一段写，写完逐条核对 |
落款写了真名或写了地址 | 照抄题目给定的名字（Li Ming / Zhang Wei），不写地址 |
字数不够 100 词 | 先保证框架三段的完整句，再用"万能展开思路"补足 |
追求难词导致拼写错误 | 拼写错误的代价远高于用词平淡，拿不准的词换成简单词 |
格式错误（无称呼/无落款/不分段） | 格式是第二优先级，比"表达丰富"更值钱 |
卷面涂改严重 | 写错直接划一横线，在后面重写，不要反复涂抹 |
配套干货：英语二与管综系列（点击直达）
英语二提分靠的是"分板块突破"，小睿已按题型整理系统干货，建议收藏本篇的同时一并收藏：
科目 | 配套干货（点击直达） |
英语二 | |
英语二 | |
英语二 | |
管综写作 |
写在最后
小作文是英语二里"最讲套路、也最容易拿稳"的 10 分：框架是固定的，功能句是有限的，把这套模板背熟、再拿三到五道真题练一遍替换，考场上基本就是默写。
品睿教育从2010年就专注管理类联考辅导，全职师资团队 + 全国名师授课，从导学到冲刺全程带学，川渝四校区同步开课。想了解适合自己的备考方案，欢迎到校区咨询或致电 028-61980377。
